What does SC mean in MEDICAL
SC stands for Sydenham's chorea, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, jerky movements and emotional lability. It typically affects children between the ages of 5 and 15 and is associated with rheumatic fever.
SC meaning in Medical in Medical
SC mostly used in an acronym Medical in Category Medical that means Sydenham's chorea
Shorthand: SC,
Full Form: Sydenham's chorea
For more information of "Sydenham's chorea", see the section below.
Causes
Sydenham's chorea is caused by the body's immune response to streptococcal bacteria (group A streptococcus, GAS). After a GAS infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever, antibodies produced to attack the bacteria may cross-react with the brain tissue, specifically the basal ganglia, leading to inflammation and symptoms of chorea.
Symptoms
- Involuntary, jerky movements of the face, limbs, and trunk
- Emotional lability, including sudden mood swings, irritability, and crying
- Speech and writing difficulties
- Difficulty with coordination and balance
- Fatigue and weakness
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea is based on a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to rule out other causes of chorea. Blood tests may detect antibodies associated with GAS infection, and an echocardiogram can show signs of rheumatic fever.
Treatment
Treatment for Sydenham's chorea typically includes:
- Antibiotics to treat the underlying GAS infection
- Anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., aspirin) to reduce inflammation in the brain
- Dopamine-blocking agents (e.g., haloperidol) to suppress involuntary movements
- Physical and occupational therapy to improve coordination and motor function
Prognosis
Most cases of Sydenham's chorea resolve within a few months to a year. However, some individuals may experience long-term symptoms or develop other complications of rheumatic fever, such as heart valve damage.
Essential Questions and Answers on Sydenham's chorea in "MEDICAL»MEDICAL"
What is Sydenham's chorea (SC)?
Sydenham's chorea is a childhood movement disorder that occurs as a complication of rheumatic fever. It is characterized by involuntary, purposeless, jerky movements of the limbs, face, and trunk.
What causes Sydenham's chorea?
Sydenham's chorea is caused by damage to the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that controls movement. This damage is caused by antibodies that mistakenly attack the brain after a streptococcal infection, such as scarlet fever or strep throat.
What are the symptoms of Sydenham's chorea?
The main symptom of Sydenham's chorea is involuntary movements, which may include:
- Fidgeting
- Jerking of the limbs, face, or trunk
- Difficulty with writing or other fine motor skills
- Emotional lability, such as outbursts of crying or laughing
How is Sydenham's chorea diagnosed?
Sydenham's chorea is diagnosed based on a child's symptoms and a history of rheumatic fever or streptococcal infection. A doctor may also perform a physical examination and order blood tests to rule out other conditions.
How is Sydenham's chorea treated?
Treatment for Sydenham's chorea typically focuses on controlling the involuntary movements. Medications such as valproic acid, clonazepam, or tetrabenazine may be used. In some cases, physical therapy or occupational therapy may also be helpful.
What is the prognosis for Sydenham's chorea?
The prognosis for Sydenham's chorea is generally good. Most children recover completely within a few months to a year. However, some children may experience long-term movement problems or other complications.
Final Words: Sydenham's chorea is a neurological disorder caused by an immune response to GAS infection. It is characterized by involuntary movements, emotional lability, and other symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing the condition and preventing complications. Prevention of GAS infections through vaccination and prompt antibiotic treatment can reduce the risk of developing Sydenham's chorea.
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