What does SB mean in THERAPY

Types of SB

There are three main types of SB:

• Myelomeningocele: This is the most severe type of SB. It occurs when the spinal cord and meninges (the protective membranes that surround the spinal cord) protrude through an opening in the back.
• Meningocele: This type of SB occurs when the meninges protrude through an opening in the back, but the spinal cord does not.
• Spina bifida occulta: This is the mildest type of SB. It occurs when there is a small opening in the back, but the spinal cord and meninges are not affected.

Causes of SB

The exact cause of SB is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the risk factors for SB include:

• Family history of SB: Having a family history of SB increases the risk of having a child with SB.
• Maternal age: Women who are over 35 years old are at an increased risk of having a child with SB.
• Certain medications: Taking certain medications during pregnancy, such as valproic acid, can increase the risk of having a child with SB.
• Folic acid deficiency: Not getting enough folic acid during pregnancy can increase the risk of having a child with SB.

Symptoms of SB

The symptoms of SB vary depending on the severity of the defect. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Back pain: This is a common symptom of SB, especially in older children and adults.
• Leg weakness: This is another common symptom of SB. It can range from mild weakness to paralysis.
• Bladder and bowel problems: These problems are common in children with SB. They can include incontinence, constipation, and difficulty urinating.
• Hydrocephalus: This is a condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It can occur in children with SB.

Diagnosis of SB

SB can be diagnosed before birth through prenatal screening tests, such as an ultrasound or amniocentesis. It can also be diagnosed after birth through a physical examination and imaging tests, such as an MRI or CT scan.

Treatment of SB

There is no cure for SB, but there are treatments that can help to improve the quality of life for people with this condition. These treatments may include:

• Surgery: Surgery can be used to close the opening in the back and repair the spinal cord and meninges.
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help to improve mobility and strength in people with SB.
• Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help people with SB to learn how to perform everyday tasks.
• Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help people with SB to improve their speech and language skills.