What does PEG mean in THERAPEUTICS

Definition

A Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is a surgical procedure that creates a direct opening from the skin of the abdomen into the stomach. The procedure is performed using endoscopy, a minimally invasive technique that uses a flexible tube with a camera on the end. The PEG tube is inserted through the opening and into the stomach and is used to deliver enteral nutrition, such as liquid food and medications, directly into the stomach.

Indications

PEGs are typically indicated for individuals who have difficulty swallowing or are unable to meet their nutritional needs through oral intake due to various medical conditions such as:

• Neurological disorders: Stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis
• Head and neck cancer: Surgery or radiation therapy may damage the ability to swallow
• Esophageal disorders: Strictures, tumors, or other conditions that obstruct the esophagus
• Traumatic injuries: Damage to the mouth, throat, or esophagus
• Long-term mechanical ventilation: Prolonged intubation can weaken the swallowing muscles

Procedure

The PEG procedure is performed under sedation or general anesthesia. The doctor inserts an endoscope through the mouth and into the stomach. A small incision is made in the abdominal wall, and the endoscope is used to guide the PEG tube into the stomach. The tube is then secured in place with a balloon or other anchoring device.

Benefits

• Improved nutrition: PEG allows for the delivery of adequate nutrition to individuals who are unable to swallow or meet their nutritional needs through oral intake.
• Reduced risk of aspiration: Bypassing the mouth and esophagus reduces the risk of food or liquids entering the lungs, which can lead to aspiration pneumonia.
• Improved quality of life: PEG can improve the quality of life for individuals with swallowing difficulties by allowing them to participate in social activities and enjoy food without the fear of choking or aspiration.