What does PML mean in NEUROLOGY
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, often fatal, opportunistic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), a polyomavirus that is usually dormant in the body. PML primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipients, and patients taking immunosuppressive medications.
PML meaning in Neurology in Medical
PML mostly used in an acronym Neurology in Category Medical that means Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Shorthand: PML,
Full Form: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
For more information of "Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy", see the section below.
PML: Introduction
Symptoms
- Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
- Difficulty speaking or swallowing
- Vision problems, including blindness
- Cognitive impairment, such as memory loss and confusion
- Behavioral changes, such as apathy or irritability
Causes
PML occurs when the immune system is compromised and cannot effectively control the latent JCV infection. Factors that weaken the immune system include:
- HIV/AIDS
- Organ transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy
- Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
- Autoimmune diseases
- Certain medications, such as TNF inhibitors
Diagnosis
PML diagnosis involves a combination of:
- Medical history and clinical examination
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which reveals characteristic lesions
- Biopsy of the brain tissue
- Blood tests to detect JCV antibodies
Treatment
There is no cure for PML, but treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and supporting the immune system. Options include:
- Antiviral medications, such as cidofovir and brincidofovir
- Immune-boosting therapies, such as interferon
- Supportive care, such as pain management and physical therapy
Essential Questions and Answers on Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in "MEDICAL»NEUROLOGY"
What is PML?
PML is a rare but serious brain infection caused by the JC virus (JCV). JCV is a common virus that usually does not cause any symptoms, but in people with weakened immune systems, it can reactivate and cause PML.
What are the symptoms of PML?
Symptoms of PML can vary depending on the part of the brain that is affected. Common symptoms include difficulty with balance, vision, speech, and thinking. Other symptoms may include weakness or numbness on one side of the body, seizures, and changes in personality.
Who is at risk for PML?
People with weakened immune systems are at risk for PML. This includes people with HIV/AIDS, people taking immunosuppressive drugs, and people who have had organ transplants.
How is PML diagnosed?
PML is diagnosed with a combination of tests, including a physical exam, a neurological exam, and an MRI scan. A biopsy of the brain may also be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
How is PML treated?
There is no cure for PML, but treatment can help to slow the progression of the disease and improve symptoms. Treatment may include antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and supportive care.
What is the prognosis for PML?
The prognosis for PML varies depending on the severity of the infection and the person's overall health. Without treatment, most people with PML die within a few months. With treatment, some people may survive for several years.
Final Words: PML is a serious neurological condition with a high mortality rate. It is crucial for individuals with weakened immune systems to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of PML. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and reduce the severity of symptoms. Ongoing research aims to develop more effective treatments and prevent PML infection.
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