What does PML mean in LABORATORY

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, usually fatal, neurological disorder caused by the JC virus. It affects the white matter of the brain and leads to slowly progressive damage in multiple areas of the brain.

PML typically occurs in people with weakened immune systems due to disease or medications. This includes those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant recipients and those receiving certain types of immunosuppressive therapy.

PML typically presents with gradual onset of symptoms that can include confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding language, vision problems, inability to walk, changes in behavior or personality, and impaired coordination.

Diagnosis is made through evaluation of brain imaging such as an MRI as well as laboratory tests including cerebral spinal fluid examination and blood tests. A biopsy may be done to confirm the diagnosis if it is unclear from other tests.

Treatment for PML varies depending on the patient's condition and underlying cause. Treatments may include antiviral drugs, supportive care or physical therapy to work on mobility issues related to paralysis caused by the condition. In some cases a bone marrow transplant may be considered.

As this condition primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems due to HIV/AIDS or medications used to treat autoimmune diseases, prevention would depend upon maintaining proper health and keeping up with treatments prescribed by healthcare providers for conditions that can weaken immunity.

The outcome from this condition varies greatly among individuals based upon their overall immune system health when diagnosed as well as how quickly diagnosis was made and treatment was administered. Most patients do not survive beyond one year after diagnosis; however there have been some cases where patients have survived much longer than that.

Yes - researchers are studying several potential treatments which involve manipulating T-cells so they can attack JC virus infected cells within the brain in an effort reduce inflammation and restore normal functioning.

Yes - There are many online resources available offering support groups specifically designed for individuals living with PML such as "The Global Alliance Against Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis" or "CurePMPML". Additionally your local hospital may have support group meetings specifically for this illness.

Yes - Clinical trials are regularly conducted in hopes of finding better treatments options for illnesses such as this one. You can contact your local hospital or research center to see what clinical trials may be available near you.