What does SMS mean in THERAPEUTICS

Causes of SMS

The exact cause of SMS is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Researchers have identified antibodies targeting the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), which is involved in the production of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits muscle activity.

Symptoms of SMS

• Muscle stiffness and spasms: The most common symptom is progressive muscle stiffness, particularly in the back, abdomen, and limbs. Spasms can range in severity from mild to debilitating, making it difficult to walk, move, or even talk.
• Increased anxiety and stress: Many individuals with SMS experience heightened anxiety and stress, which can trigger or exacerbate the muscle symptoms.
• Other symptoms: Other possible symptoms include difficulty swallowing, breathing problems, and excessive sweating.

Diagnosis of SMS

Diagnosing SMS can be challenging as the symptoms can mimic other neurological disorders. Doctors typically rely on a combination of:

• Physical examination: Assessing muscle stiffness, spasms, and other physical signs.
• Blood tests: Checking for the presence of GAD antibodies.
• Electromyography (EMG): Measuring electrical activity in the muscles to detect abnormal muscle activity patterns.

Treatment of SMS

There is no cure for SMS, but treatment options aim to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Common treatments include:

• Medications: Muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants can help reduce muscle spasms and anxiety.
• Physical therapy: Stretching exercises and other physical therapy techniques can help improve flexibility and range of motion.
• Occupational therapy: Adapting daily activities and using assistive devices can help individuals with SMS manage their symptoms.