What does SM mean in DISABILITY

Definition

• SM (Selective Mutism): An anxiety disorder where individuals are unable to speak in specific social situations, often due to fear of judgment or criticism.

Symptoms

• Inability to speak in certain social situations, such as school, social events, or with strangers
• Normal speech in familiar and comfortable settings
• Severe anxiety and fear in social situations
• Social withdrawal and isolation
• Limited eye contact and body language
• Difficulty making friends and participating in group activities

Causes

The exact cause of SM is unknown, but it is thought to be related to:

• Genetic factors: SM tends to run in families.
• Temperamental factors: Children with shy and inhibited temperaments may be more prone to SM.
• Environmental factors: Stressful or traumatic experiences, such as bullying or family conflict, can trigger SM.

Diagnosis

SM is diagnosed by a mental health professional, based on the following criteria:

• Inability to speak in specific social situations for at least one month
• Normal speech in other settings
• Significant anxiety and distress in social situations
• Exclusion of other medical or developmental conditions

Treatment

Treatment for SM typically involves a combination of:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps children identify and challenge negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to their anxiety.
• Gradual Exposure Therapy: Gradually exposes children to feared social situations in a controlled and supported environment.
• Parent Training: Educates parents on how to support their children and create a supportive home environment.
• Speech Therapy: May help children improve their communication skills and confidence in social situations.