What does FMAD mean in UNCLASSIFIED

Flow Mediated Arterial Dilatation (FMAD) is a non-invasive imaging test used to measure the expansion of an artery in response to increased blood flow. It measures the ability of an artery to dilate and expand as it is subjected to increased blood flow, which indicates the health of the vessel's inner lining known as the endothelium.

FMAD works by utilizing ultrasound technology to measure changes in arterial diameter before and after a brief period of increased blood flow, usually induced by compressing or “cuffing” the limb above the artery being evaluated. By comparing these measurements, doctors can determine how well the artery responds to increased pressure, allowing them to evaluate its overall health.

Generally speaking, it is recommended that you undergo FMAD testing at least once every year if you are over 45 years old and/or have cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or obesity. If you are younger than 45 and do not have any risk factors for heart disease, then your doctor may advise you to get tested once every three years.

During an FMAD test, a trained healthcare provider will take ultrasound images of an arterial segment while occluding it with a cuff connected to a sphygmomanometer - this increases pressure in the area and causes increased blood flow. The diameter of this segment can then be compared before and after occlusion to determine how effective it is at dilating in response to increased pressure.

An FMAD test may be recommended for anyone who has risk factors or symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease such as chest pain or high cholesterol levels. Additionally, individuals who are over 45 years old should also consider getting tested annually as it can help catch potential issues early on.

Generally speaking no; there are no known risks associated with having an FMAD test performed. However, there are certain clinical scenarios where an individual may need further assessment before undergoing this procedure so be sure to speak with your doctor about any concerns you may have prior to undergoing testing.

Usually results from an FMAD exam will come back within a few days depending on the laboratory processing times; however your physician can often provide preliminary results immediately following testing if necessary.

Yes; before undergoing your procedure it is important that you avoid eating or drinking anything containing caffeine for at least two hours prior - caffeine can affect your arteries' ability to dilate normally which could potentially skew your results. Additionally try avoiding any strenuous physical activities prior as these could also affect your arterial function.

Yes; smoking cigarettes or using other forms of tobacco products can significantly reduce arterial elasticity which could potentially alter your results so avoid use prior if possible Additionally engaging in regular physical activity can increase vascular flexibility allowing for more accurate readings so make sure you've been active leading up to your appointment.