What does E2F mean in HUMAN GENOME
E2F stands for E2F transcription factor, a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TF) found in higher eukaryotes. These transcription factors play vital roles in regulating cell cycle progression, DNA replication, DNA damage response, and apoptosis.
E2F meaning in Human Genome in Medical
E2F mostly used in an acronym Human Genome in Category Medical that means A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes
Shorthand: E2F,
Full Form: A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes
For more information of "A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes", see the section below.
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E2F Family
The E2F family comprises eight members: E2F1-E2F8. These members share structural similarities and functional properties. They contain a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) that recognizes the consensus sequence 5'-TTTSSCGC-3' in the promoter regions of target genes.
Functions of E2F
- Cell Cycle Regulation: E2F TFs are key regulators of the cell cycle. They activate the expression of genes involved in G1/S phase transition, DNA replication, and centrosome duplication.
- DNA Replication: E2F TFs promote DNA replication by controlling the expression of proteins necessary for DNA synthesis and licensing.
- DNA Damage Response: E2F TFs participate in the DNA damage response pathway by inducing cell cycle arrest and DNA repair mechanisms.
- Apoptosis: E2F TFs can induce apoptosis under certain stress conditions, such as DNA damage or oncogenic activation.
Regulation of E2F
The activity of E2F TFs is tightly regulated by several mechanisms:
- Retinoblastoma (Rb) Protein: Rb inhibits the activity of E2F TFs by binding to them and preventing their association with DNA.
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs): CDKs phosphorylate Rb, leading to its inactivation and the release of E2F TFs.
- E2F-Dependent MicroRNAs: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can target E2F transcripts for degradation, contributing to the regulation of E2F expression.
Dysregulation of E2F
Dysregulation of E2F TFs has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. Overexpression of E2F can promote cell cycle progression and contribute to tumorigenesis, while mutations or deletions can disrupt cell cycle regulation and lead to developmental defects.
Essential Questions and Answers on A group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes in "MEDICAL»GENOME"
What is E2F?
E2F is a group of genes that encode a family of transcription factors (TFs) found in higher eukaryotes. These TFs play crucial roles in regulating the cell cycle and other cellular processes.
What are the functions of E2F transcription factors?
E2F TFs are involved in various cellular processes, including:
- Cell cycle regulation: They control the transition from the G1 to S phase, promoting cell cycle progression.
- DNA replication: They activate genes involved in DNA synthesis and replication.
- Apoptosis: They can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) under certain conditions.
- Differentiation: They contribute to cell differentiation and lineage specification.
How do E2F transcription factors work?
E2F TFs typically bind to DNA as heterodimers with another family of TFs called DP (dimerization partner). The E2F-DP complex then regulates gene expression by recruiting other proteins to the promoter regions of target genes.
What is the significance of E2F transcription factors?
E2F TFs are important for proper cell cycle regulation and cellular function. Dysregulation of E2F activity can lead to various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
Final Words: E2F transcription factors are key regulators of fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and DNA damage response. Their dysregulation can have profound consequences on cell growth, differentiation, and development, highlighting their importance in both normal and pathological conditions.