What does UR mean in CIVIC & MUNICIPAL

Unemployment is an economic term for people without a job who are actively looking for work. It can also refer to the state of individuals or households who have not been employed for an extended period of time, despite being willing and able to take a job.

The rate of unemployment is determined by a combination of factors including population growth, demand in the economy, technological advances, global competition and government policy decisions.

High rates of unemployment can lead to increased poverty levels, decreased consumer spending, reduced economic growth, and higher crime rates. It also has significant social consequences such as increased stress and anxiety levels among affected individuals and their families.

Joblessness has numerous negative effects on an individual’s well-being including decreased self-esteem, depression, feelings of isolation and loneliness, financial strain, and generally poorer mental health outcomes.

The discouraged worker effect is a phenomenon that occurs when unemployed individuals become so discouraged by their employment prospects that they become detached from the labor force altogether; essentially giving up on searching for jobs. This has potential repercussions on national labor force participation statistics as these individuals no longer appear in official figures as unemployed persons.

Yes – In some cases “good” unemployment occurs when workers voluntarily withdraw from employment due to positive factors such as taking maternity leave or returning to school for further education or training in order to improve their skillset. This type of joblessness helps sustain long-term growth in the economy by allowing workers to advance their skillset with better career prospects in the future.

Cyclical unemployment is caused by downturns in business cycles where businesses cannot find enough demand for goods or services thereby leading to layoffs due to lack of profitability or inadequate sales revenue. Enterprises cut production which leads to layoffs and rising levels of joblessness levels until economic conditions improve which then prompts employers to hire more workers again thus restoring balance back into the market place again.

Monetarism involves controlling the money supply through different instruments such as interest rates in order to achieve its macroeconomic objectives such as controlling inflation or influencing employment levels; high interest rate policies tend to reduce borrowing costs thus encouraging investment whereas low interest rate policies usually result in increased borrowing costs which can put downward pressure on businesses' abilityto retain employees.