What does TTST mean in PHYSIOLOGY
TTST stands for type III Secretion System. It is a macromolecular complex which allows the secretion of proteins, lipids and other molecules from Gram-negative bacteria to their external environment. TTST is an essential part of bacterial physiology, and plays an important role in various processes such as bacterial pathogenesis and interaction with eukaryotic host cells. It also helps bacteria in colonization of different substrates, nutrient acquisition, and defense against environmental threats. TTST has evolved to become highly adjustable and provides bacteria with variability in their secreted proteins in response to changing environments.
TTST meaning in Physiology in Medical
TTST mostly used in an acronym Physiology in Category Medical that means type III secretion system
Shorthand: TTST,
Full Form: type III secretion system
For more information of "type III secretion system", see the section below.
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Structure
The TTST consists of multiple component complexes that are connected together by protein-protein interactions. The core structure of the system consists of a base plate, pilus filaments, inner membrane channels called chaperones, outer membrane channels called effectors, accessory proteins that form transmembrane tunnels and an ATPase pump known as the translocon complex or “the engine” which drives the assembly and disassembly process. Additionally, some bacteria have additional accessory factors such as lipoproteins that can help facilitate interactions between the components of the system.
Function
The TTST allows bacteria to secrete toxins and other molecules into its surrounding environment or target cells during infection or colonization processes. Depending on what proteins are expressed in the bacterium’s genome, this may permit it to evade host defense mechanisms or compete for resources within a habitat. It also facilitates horizontal gene transfer between bacterial species by promoting the transfer of genetic material between them via specialized structures called conjugation pili (also known as sex pili). In addition to allowing for the secretion of toxic effector molecules, TTST can also allow for other cellular activities like antibiotic resistance pumping or resistance to antibiotics such as β-lactams.
Essential Questions and Answers on type III secretion system in "MEDICAL»PHYSIOLOGY"
What is type III secretion system (TTST)?
Type III secretion system (TTTS) is a specialized machinery that bacteria use to convey proteins or other material across the cell membrane and into the extracellular space. In some species, it is used for controlling chemical signals in neighboring cells, while in others, it mediates infection by delivering toxins to host cells. The type III secretion system is also known as the contact-dependent secretion system (CDSS).
What purpose does TTST serve?
The TTST serves multiple roles within a bacterial cell. It has been shown to be involved in cell-to-cell communication, helping bacteria coordinate and communicate with each other. It also plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis by providing bacteria with a means of delivering toxins and other molecules into host cells to cause infection.
How does TTST work?
The TTST works by first forming a structure called the type III secretion needle complex at the outer membrane of the bacterial cell. Then, this complex acts as a conduit for proteins or other effector molecules that are secreted directly into the extracellular space of nearby host cells. These molecules can then interact with receptors on the surface or within those host cells, prompting them to respond in various ways depending on what molecule has been secreted.
Are there different types of TTSTs?
There are more than seven different subtypes of TTSTs identified so far in various bacteria species. Each subtype functions differently and can secrete different kinds of proteins or molecules based on its particular structure and composition.
What viruses utilize TTST?
Several types of viruses have evolved to hijack bacterial TTST systems for their own survival and spread throughout their respective hosts. These include members of T7 phage group like lambda phage, P2 phage, and STMV-1 as well as bacteriophages such as Salmonella virus AP3, Shigella flexneri Sf3b2/T4SSvirus, Vibrio cholerae VcTX-1 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YpT1LX1virus.
How does hijacking occur?
Bacterial viruses can hijack the TTST machinery by encoding genes that mimic the protein components found in these type III pumps. By expressing these proteins within their genetic material, they can induce formation of new pump complexes which then facilitate transportation of viral contents from one infected cell to another neighbouring cell.
How do scientists study how these systems work?
Scientists use molecular techniques such as transcription assays, electron microscopy imaging studies, gene expression profiling methods and biochemical analyses which allow them to investigate how these systems form and function at both genetic and physiological levels.
Who originally discovered TTSTs?
They were first discovered by researchers investigating how certain virulent strains of Escherichia coli caused disease through direct injection toxins into target mammalian cells
Final Words:
TTST is a critical component in many bacterial systems including those related to pathogenesis and microbial ecology. Its ability to confer mobility upon effectors and other proteins makes it ideal for allowing certain types of microbes to interact with their environment or host cells. This remarkable adaptation has provided an evolutionary advantage that has allowed many species of bacteria to thrive over time despite ever-changing conditions within their habitats.
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