What does TNS mean in SYNDROMES

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a rare genetic disorder in which neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, are unable to naturally exit the bone marrow and become trapped within the body. This results in a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils, which can be associated with several medical complications.

Patients with TNS may experience recurrent infections caused by a decreased number of circulating neutrophils, frequent fevers or other signs of infection, fatigue, anemia, and/or swelling due to accumulation of fluid in parts of the body.

While any person can develop TNS, it is most common among individuals from consanguineous families (i.e., those with close family members who are related by blood). It has been observed at higher-than-expected rates in certain ethnic groups such as Indian Jews and non-Ashkenazi Jewish populations from North Africa and Yemen.

Diagnosis typically begins with a thorough physical examination followed by laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, sequencing studies that assess DNA mutations, and/or other specialized tests depending on the individual case.

Treatment varies depending on the individual case and severity of symptoms but could include medications to prevent or treat infections, drugs to stimulate bone marrow production of neutrophils or induce maturation so they can be released into circulation (“immunomodulators”), stem cell transplantation or gene therapy when appropriate. In addition, steps should also be taken to reduce risks for complications such as preventing deafness associated with chronic ear infections through regular monitoring via hearing tests.

Long-term complications depend on each patient’s particular situation but could include chronic ear infections leading to hearing loss; delayed growth; poor school performance; and/or recurrent episodes where affected individuals rapidly develop severe infections or very high fevers that require aggressive therapy including hospitalization.

Yes! There are some things parents or caregivers can do to help manage their child's condition such as ensuring proper nutrition; reducing exposure to people with known contagious diseases; paying attention to early signs of infection such as fever or rash; closely monitoring monthly CBCs and other laboratory tests recommended by doctors; seeking prompt medical attention if necessary; engaging in physical activities recommended by health care providers according to age and health status; good hygiene practices including frequent handwashing; avoiding smoking near children; monitoring hearing using audiology exams every 6–12 months for children older than 3 years old if they have had recurring ear infections; establishing good sleep routines and practice stress management tactics for both parents and children when needed. These strategies should help reduce risks for serious complications associated with TNS.