What does RTAD mean in PHYSIOLOGY

RTAD stands for Retrograde Type A Aortic Dissection, a serious medical condition where there is a tear in the innermost layer of the aorta, leading to separation between two walls of the artery.

Symptoms associated with RTAD may include chest pain that radiates to other parts of the body (arms, shoulders, neck), shortness of breath, feeling faint or lightheaded and nausea or vomiting. Other less common signs may include an irregular heartbeat and/or low blood pressure.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans or MRIs to assess blood flow through the aorta and identify any tears or weakening in its walls. An echocardiogram may also be done to measure heart function and look for abnormalities. Blood tests may be conducted as well in order to better understand how much oxygen is being supplied to organs throughout the body.

Treatment depends on factors such as severity and type of dissection as well as patient's overall health status. Medications including beta blockers and ACE inhibitors can help reduce cardiac strain while surgery may be recommended depending on patient's individual situation. Open-heart surgery can help repair damage while endovascular repair utilizing minimally invasive techniques are sometimes possible as well.