What does RND mean in NEUROLOGY

Symptoms of RND include extreme pain that is not relieved by medication or other forms of treatment, numbness or tingling in the affected area, burning sensations or “pins-and-needles” feelings, sensitivity to cold or hot temperatures, swelling and stiffness in the affected area, decreased mobility of the affected joints and muscles, involuntary jerking motions of muscles known as clonus, slowed growth in effected limbs during childhood/adolescence.

The exact cause of RND is unknown; however it can be triggered by an injury or illness such an infection or trauma. Some experts believe that certain genes may play a role in some cases. In addition certain medications and medical conditions can increase a person's risk for developing RND.

RND is most commonly found among children and adolescents; however adults can also be affected by this condition. People with diabetes mellitus, obesity and inflammatory diseases such as lupus are more at risk for developing this condition than those without these conditions. In addition people who have had procedures which involve needles near nerve fibers may be more prone to developing this condition than those without such history.

Generally, diagnosing reflex neurovascular dystrophy involves discussions with medical professionals regarding family medical history along with physical examinations to identify any signs of nerve damage or sensory issues that might indicate this condition. Tests like x-rays may also be used to confirm diagnosis.

Treatment for reflex neurovascular dystrophy typically involves managing pain with medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids or antiviral medications. Physical therapies such as massage therapy and stretching exercises are useful in restoring movement to affected joints as well as improving flexibility and range of motion. Other treatments for chronic pain include electrical stimulation therapy (EST) which applies electric currents directly to nerve endings via small electrodes placed on your skin.