What does PIO mean in TRANSPORTATION

Explanation

Pilot Induced Oscillations (PIOs) are an aerodynamic instability that occurs when a pilot attempts to make an abrupt or aggressive maneuver while flying an airplane or other aircraft. It occurs when the pitch or roll control system becomes unsteady due to excessive forces applied by the pilot's input. This causes the plane to begin oscillating both laterally and longitudinally across its axis resulting in instability. PIOs are especially common during approaches into airports as pilots attempt sudden corrections in order to maintain their elevation and attitude relative to the runway’s approach path. In some cases, Pilot Induced Oscillations can cause structural damage or even lead to a crash if left unchecked. As such, it is important for all pilots, especially those operating larger aircraft such as jetliners, helicopters, and some military planes, to be aware of these potentially hazardous conditions so they can take corrective measures before they get out of hand. This involves knowing when it is appropriate for them to apply more or less pressure on their controls so they can avoid activity that could trigger a PIO event. Additionally, having the correct flight maneuvers performed correctly on approach will help ensure that the plane remains stable during what can otherwise be a turbulent transition phase from cruising altitude down towards landing altitude.