What does ONJ mean in PHYSIOLOGY

ONJ is typically caused by long-term (greater than four months) use of certain medications that reduce blood flow to the jaw bone, including bisphosphonate drugs used to prevent bone loss in individuals with osteoporosis or cancer.

Symptoms of ONJ may include chronic jaw pain, numbness or tingling in the jaw area, slowly healing sores or ulcers on the gums and inside of the cheeks, and difficulty eating or swallowing food and liquids.

Individuals with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy treatments that involve bisphosphonate drugs are at the highest risk for developing ONJ. Other individuals more likely to develop this condition include those taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis or certain bone diseases; those receiving radiation therapy to their head and neck; individuals undergoing dental surgeries; and people with other jaw-related conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or infection of the jawbone.

If you're diagnosed with ONJ early on, your doctor may recommend medications such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to reduce swelling and prevent infection. Surgery may be recommended if your case is more severe but it should always be considered a last resort option as it carries significant risks. Depending on how far along your disease has progressed, your doctor may also recommend lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and avoiding consuming alcohol while undergoing treatment.

To lower your risk of developing ONJ, talk to your physician about potential risks before you start taking prescription medications like bisphosphonates; consider alternatives if possible; brush gently around sensitive areas; keep regular dentist appointments; make sure minor dental procedures are performed carefully; practice good oral hygiene by brushing twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste. Lastly, avoid alcohol consumption and smoking as these habits can increase your risk for developing this condition further.