What does NLM mean in PHYSICS

Newton's Third Law states that “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” This law explains that when object A exerts a force on object B, object B will also exert a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on object A.

Newton's Second Law can be observed in everyday scenarios such as pushing a person or car on flat terrain or uphill. When pushing a car the amount of force needed depends on the mass of the car, i.e., heavier cars require more force than lighter cars for acceleration along flat terrain. However, when pushing up an incline the same amount of force must be applied over a longer distance; greater work is required due to gravity working against it.

Inertia is defined as an object's resistance to change its state of motion. According to Newton's First Law, an object at rest will remain at rest until acted upon by an external force, while an object in motion will remain in motion with constant speed and direction until acted upon by an external unbalanced force. This law explains why it takes energy to start moving, as well as why it takes effort to stop moving once already in motion.

Newton's Laws primarily deal with forces between two objects, referred to as contact forces which include friction, tension, and normal forces that act through direct contact between two bodies (e.g., people pushing each other). They also describe noncontact forces that act from a distance such as gravity and electromagnetism without direct physical contact between objects (e.g., attraction of two magnets).

Various equations are used for problem solving based on these laws including Free Body Diagrams, Force Equations (F=ma), Work-Energy Theorem (W=KEf-Ki), Momentum Equation (P=mv), Impulse-Momentum theorem (J=Δp) and Collisions in One Dimension formula (v1f - v2f = m2v2i — m1v1i).