What does IVSD mean in PHYSIOLOGY

Interventricular Septal Defect (IVSD) is a type of congenital heart defect. It occurs when the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart (the interventricular septum) does not form completely or contains an abnormal opening, allowing oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix.

There can be many causes for an interventricular septal defect, such as genetic syndromes, chromosomal abnormalities, or certain infections during pregnancy. In some cases, there may not be an identifiable cause.

Babies born with Down syndrome have about a 20 percent chance of having some kind of congenital heart defect, including IVSD. Premature babies also have an increased risk due to their underdeveloped organs. Genetically inherited conditions like Marfan’s syndrome and Williams Syndrome can also put children at higher risk for developing this condition.

An Interventricular Septal Defect may be detected in utero during prenatal ultrasound testing or shortly after birth. After birth, a definitive diagnosis may require additional testing such as an echocardiogram, chest X-ray or electrocardiogram (ECG).

Symptom severity depends on size and whether any other defects exist in the heart structure. Symptoms may include rapid breathing, frequent respiratory infections, poor weight gain due to inadequate feeding or failure to thrive, bluish skin tone from lack of oxygen (cyanosis), sweating during feedings or activity, and recurring fatigue due to difficulty providing sufficient oxygen circulation throughout the body. In severe cases, symptoms may even include congestive heart failure if left untreated for too long.

Treatment options depend on severity of the condition but typically involve a combination of lifestyle changes and medical interventions like medications or surgery. In some cases where the defect is small enough and has no accompanying complications or structural issues associated with it, leaving it untreated can be acceptable if monitored closely by your healthcare provider on a regular basis over time.

When needed, open-heart surgery to repair an Interventricular Septal Defect typically involves reducing any shunt flow between both sides of the heart chambers to reduce systemic pulmonary hypertension before then patching up any remaining defect with either fabric material or tissue taken from another part of your body called autologous pericardium patching technique; this helps restore more natural blood flow through your ventricles again once completed properly without any leaks existing afterwards that could lead to future problems down the road if let unchecked at all times after that point forward postoperatively once you're healed up completely following your hospital stay.

As with all major surgeries involving going under general anesthesia and having incisions made upon entry into your body tissue layers for direct access towards working inside your chest cavity walls where this procedure must take place, risks naturally associated with undergoing open-heart surgery can certainly exist ever since we're dealing so closely here next near one's vital organs especially when it comes down towards its very lifeblood source itself - therefore potential risks such as infection at those cut sites wound site areas from bacteria entering your body tissue layers outside one's normal barriers meant towards protecting them against foreign invaders; excessive bleeding from those same surgical Incision sites; damage towards one's delicate nerve endings around these very same entry points cutting into them accidentally if done incorrectly; possible clotting issues stemming away inside that affected area which they were trying to repair etc...so caution should always be used whenever performing this kind of complex prevention measures unless absolutely necessary given its inherently delicate nature overall.

Since most causes behind getting Interventular Septal Defect tend towards being more genetic in origin than anything else which has been discovered so far (such as chromosomal abnormalities like Down Syndrome which increase said likelihoods significantly), unfortunately no true means yet exists towards preventing against acquiring this condition until further extensive research can prove otherwise much later down the road someday eventually.