What does HGP mean in ACADEMIC & SCIENCE

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint. It began in 1990 and was completed in 2003.

The Human Genome Project revolutionized biological research by providing researchers with a comprehensive map of genes on each chromosome. This knowledge has enabled scientists to understand genetic diseases better, develop more effective treatments, identify links between genotypes and environmental factors, and ultimately improve human health.

The information provided by the Human Genome Project has enabled scientists to better understand how certain diseases are inherited and how they work. This information has helped researchers develop improved treatments for many conditions, including cancer, heart disease, neurological disorders, and rare genetic disorders. Additionally, this data has helped researchers identify risk factors associated with these conditions so they can be prevented or treated more effectively.

The project was initially funded by government agencies from several countries. Key funders included the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States; Medical Research Council (MRC) in Britain; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan; German Federal Ministry for Education & Research (BMBF); Wellcome Trust in Britain; European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI); French National Institute of Health & Medical Research (INSERM); Spanish National Plan for Scientific Research Development & Innovation; Italian Ministry of University & Research; Swiss National Science Foundation; China's Ministry of Science & Technology; International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO); Swedish Research Council for Environment Earth Sciences & Spatial Planning(FORMAS). Canada’s funding came from various sources including CIHR/MCINet/Genome Canada/NSERC. Private foundations including Howard Hughes Medical Institute also contributed funding support.

Initially, Francis Collins directed U.S. components as director of the NIH-National Center for Human Genome Research[1], while John Sulston led British activities as director of MRC's Sanger Centre[2]. In 1998 Robert Waterston became director at WashU when he moved from St Louis University[3]. Michael Morgan led Australia's involvement through CSIRO Plant Industry[4], while Yue Wang oversaw Chinese efforts at BGI Shenzhen[5]. An international consortium composed primarily of academic institutions but also involving private companies such as Celera Genomics drove much of the effort,[6][7] although individual laboratories participated directly.[8][9][10]

The sequencing phase of HGP officially ended on April 14th 2003 when a team lead by J Craig Venter published a complete sequence during a press event at National Academy Of Sciences building in Washington D.C.[11][12][13]. Many aspects of sequencing beyond that point have been referred to as HGP-Write or HG PI which stands for Human Genomes Projects - Write or Intersection respectively.[14][15]

The HGP made significant contributions to genetics research by increasing our understanding about how genetic information is organized within chromosomes, providing insights into gene regulation networks and protein interactions that control cell development processes.[21] In addition to this, genome sequences provided by HGP serves as reference materials enabling scientist to compare different species genomes or sequence variants within a single species. These discoveries have greatly aided fields such as population genetics, disease gene identification, drug development, crop breeding, diagnosis methods etc[22]. Thus it has had very profound impact on genetics related research worldwide.