What does GQD mean in UNCLASSIFIED

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are nanomaterials that are composed of nanoparticles containing carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure similar to graphene. These quantum dots possess exceptional optical and electronic properties that have potential uses in many sectors such as optoelectronic devices, sensors, and even batteries.

Unlike other materials with nanoscopic sizes such as nanoparticles, molecules, or colloidal particles, GQDs consist of sheets of carbon arranged in a specific crystal lattice pattern which gives them unique physical and chemical properties not found in any other nanomaterial. Furthermore, these quantum dots can be produced with different sizes and shapes depending on the application requirements.

Due to its excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, flexibility, biocompatibility, and luminous efficiency, GQD technology has huge potential uses in a variety of sectors including energy storage devices, biomedical research tools, photovoltaic cells for solar energy conversion systems, and printed electronics. In addition it may also find applications as display panels for TVs or smartphones.

Currently there are still some unresolved issues related to using Graphene Quantum Dots such as the difficulty of controlling the size distribution when synthesizing them is large batches or general lack of homogeneity across samples with variations in optical properties between individual dots. Furthermore current fabrication methods still face challenges related to scalability and cost-effectiveness which could impact their commercial use.

Research focuses on various aspects related to their production process such as new synthesis techniques or better fabrication processes aiming at improving their optoelectronic performance while reducing costs or developing more efficient methods for controlling the shape size distributions for large batch production runs. Additionally research centers around understanding their environmental impacts since they've been observed to contain caecal contaminants due to their production process which could have negative effects on soil fertility if disposed improperly.