What does FMH mean in UNCLASSIFIED
FMH stands for Fetal Maternal Hemorrhage, which occurs when a baby in the womb sheds its own blood cells into the mother's circulation. The most common cause of this is due to an abnormality in the placenta or umbilical cord that allows the baby’s blood cells to enter the mother’s bloodstream. FMH can be a serious condition, and it is important to diagnose and treat it quickly so that any potential risks are minimized.
FMH meaning in Unclassified in Miscellaneous
FMH mostly used in an acronym Unclassified in Category Miscellaneous that means Fetal maternal haemorrhage
Shorthand: FMH,
Full Form: Fetal maternal haemorrhage
For more information of "Fetal maternal haemorrhage", see the section below.
Definition
Fetal maternal hemorrhage (FMH) occurs when there are excessive amounts of fetal blood cells present in the maternal circulation. This condition is caused by a placental defect or abnormality of the umbilical cord, which serves as a bridge between the fetus and mother allowing for transfer of substances such as nutrients, oxygen, and other fluids from one to another. As blood from the fetus flows through this connection, it can mix with maternal blood resulting in fetal maternal hemorrhage.
Causes
The causes of FMH include defective placenta or umbilical vessels leading to increased permeability, preterm rupture of membranes containing fetal blood preceding labor, iatrogenic interventions such as amniocentesis/fetal transfusion therapy/labor induction/caesarean delivery, abruption placentae resulting in direct fetal-maternal communication, clinically undetected twin pregnancy or altered vascular response due to shock syndrome/severe anaemia/severe haemolytic disease. In addition, the presence of thrombocytopenia caused by infections like rubella and toxoplasmosis can also result in Fetal Maternal Hemorrhage.
Symptoms
Common symptoms associated with FMH include maternal hypotension (low blood pressure) leading to dizziness or fainting, abdominal pain due to uterine contractions and cramping due to sudden decrease in fetal movement within 24 hours after diagnosis; although not commonly observed but could be experienced by some women – mild vaginal bleeding which dissipates gradually over several days coupled with slight abdominal discomfort.
Diagnosis
Fetal-maternal hemorrhaging should be suspected when a pregnant woman presents with sudden onset of hypotension or faintness; once suspicions arise further investigations have to conducted confirming if an intrauterine bleeding has occurred. Diagnostic tests are done based on clinical presentation where doctors look for evidence indicating placental disruption such as ultrasound imaging and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing which measure levels of fetal cell–free DNA–in maternal circulation. Once confirmation was made antigen antibody tests like Kleihauer–Betke test may also be performed for characterizing type O RBCs present—maternal or fetal originated.
Treatment
Once FMH is detected appropriate medical treatment must be initiated without delay, since even small amounts of fetal blood entering into maternal circulation can impair sensitive organs mainly respiratory & central nervous systems thereby causing shortness of breath & headaches respectively known as Rh incompatibility syndrome (RIS). Hence antenatal corticosteroids should be administered immediately before delivering premature babies if Fetal Maternal Hemorrhage was suspected during last trimester.
Essential Questions and Answers on Fetal maternal haemorrhage in "MISCELLANEOUS»UNFILED"
What is fetal maternal haemorrhage?
Fetal maternal haemorrhage is defined as the transfusion of blood between the fetus and mother during labour or delivery. It typically occurs when a baby’s blood comes in contact with their mother's bloodstream during childbirth, leading to an exchange of red blood cells between the two.
What are the causes of fetal maternal haemorrhage?
Fetal maternal hemorrhages most commonly occur during pregnancy due to complications from premature birth, labor induction, forceps use, or umbilical cord abnormalities. In some cases it can also be caused by a rupture of placental membranes or an amniotic fluid embolism.
How can fetal maternal haemorrhage be diagnosed?
Diagnosis of a fetal-maternal hemorrhage is typically done through laboratory testing such as Cordocentesis or Amniocentesis. These procedures involve taking a sample of the amniotic fluid to test for evidence of red blood cells from either the mother or fetus which would indicate a hemorrhage has occurred. Ultrasound scans may also be used to help diagnose a FMH.
Are there any risks associated with fetal maternal haemorrhages?
Yes, there are several potential risks associated with FMH such as Rh incompatibility and Kleihauer-Betke test results indicating a need for preventative treatment with RhoGAM shot to prevent Hemolytic Disease in infants. There is also increased risk for both preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction if FHM is detected early on in pregnancy.
What symptoms might indicate that I have had a fetal maternal haemorrhage?
Symptoms that might indicate that you have had a FHM include excessive bleeding during labor or delivery, unusual abdominal pain, and signs of shock or worsening condition following delivery. If you experience any of these symptoms it is important to seek medical attention immediately since timely diagnosis and treatment greatly reduces risk of further complications.
Is there treatment available for fetal maternal haemorrhages?
Yes, treatment for FMH typically involves administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) which helps protect against Rh incompatibility issues arising from an exchange of red blood cells between mother and fetus. Additionally, supportive care may be necessary depending on severity such as monitoring vital signs closely and providing fluids if needed.
How long does it take to recover from a fetal maternal haemorrhage?
Recovery time following treatment for FMH will vary depending on individual circumstances but should generally take about 2 weeks before returning to normal activities like work or exercise.
Final Words:
In conclusion, FMH (Fetal Maternal Hemorrhage) is a serious medical condition that can occur when there is an abnormality between the fetus and its mother's circulation system that allows for an excessive amount of fetal blood cells entering into her bloodstream via placental defect or umbilical cord problems. Early detection will help minimize any potential risks associated with this disorder so it is important that pregnant women are closely monitored throughout their pregnancy period for any signs and symptoms associated with FMH.
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