What does FLC mean in PHYSIOLOGY

A free light-chain (FLC) is a type of laboratory test used to evaluate and monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, and other plasma cell-related diseases. During the test, the concentrations of two types of proteins—kappa and lambda free light chains—are measured. The quantity of these proteins can be compared to determine if a person has an underlying disease or condition.

An FLC test typically requires either a blood or urine sample. The sample will then be tested in a laboratory using techniques such as immunoassay or nephelometry to measure the levels and ratios of kappa and lambda light chains.

An abnormal result indicates that the ratio between kappa and lambda light chains is not within normal parameters, which may indicate an underlying disorder or condition such as multiple myeloma. However, further tests are usually required before a diagnosis can be made with certainty.

Depending on an individual's specific symptoms, doctors may recommend an FLC test when they suspect a condition such as multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It may also be suggested when there is ongoing monitoring necessary for those with a known diagnosis of certain plasma cell-related diseases.

Patients with symptoms that suggest Multiple Myeloma or another Plasma Cell Dyscrasia should have their FLC concentration evaluated by their healthcare provider The test may also be recommended for those who have been diagnosed with one of these disorders in order to monitor its progression or response to treatment.

Other tests such as bone marrow biopsies, imaging scans (X-ray, MRI), flow cytometry, serum protein electrophoresis, electrolytes/calcium levels, complete blood count (CBC), and genetic testing may also be used to diagnose and monitor certain plasma cell disorders if indicated by the patient’s medical history and physical exam.

After taking the FLC test, your doctor will review your results together with any other relevant medical information in order to make a diagnosis or modify treatment plans if necessary. Your doctor may recommend additional tests if needed for more conclusive results.