What does EGSWG mean in OCEAN SCIENCE

A Tsunami is a natural disaster that occurs in water bodies such as the ocean, caused by movements of the Earth's crust. It is characterized by large waves which cause destruction in coastal regions.

The function that distinguishes tsunamis from regular ocean waves is their long wavelength, which makes them more powerful and destructive when they reach shore. Tsunamis are also distinguished by their speed: they can travel much faster than regular ocean waves and reach speeds of up to 800 km/h near shorelines. This rapid speed can cause devastating damage when they reach land.

Tsunamis are typically caused by large and sudden displacements of the seafloor due to earthquakes, landslides or volcanic eruptions. These events create a disturbance in the water column which then travels outwards, generating giant waves that can travel across entire oceans.

Tsunamis can be detected using seismic stations that measure ground movement, sea level gauges that monitor sudden changes in sea level and high-frequency radiowave systems known as Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART). DART systems consist of seabed buoys with pressure sensors connected to an onshore station via satellite communication lines. By combining data from these sources, it is possible to detect incoming tsunami threats in advance.

After a warning has been issued, people should evacuate areas at risk of flooding immediately, before moving inland away from the coast and any riverside areas. People should not wait for an official evacuation order as this may come too late once the wave arrives. People should also refrain from travelling to affected areas until local authorities say it's safe to do so.

The size of a tsunami depends largely on its source — for example, large underwater earthquakes or megathrusts will produce larger tsunamis than smaller ones due to their greater energy output. Generally speaking though, tsunamis usually range between 3 - 10m in height but there have been occasions where tsunamis have reached higher heights ranging up to 40m or even more when generated near coasts with shallow waters near continents or islands (e.g off Chile).

Yes - aside from the typical ‘single wave' type generated by most earthquakes and submarinelandslides, there are two other types known as ‘doublets' and ‘multiplets' formed when multiple seismic events occur close together in time (within minutes). In addition, some multiplets have also been known on occasion to generate huge cascading water walls called ‘dynamic tsunami runup'.