What does CID mean in CHEMISTRY
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) is a form of mass spectrometry used in biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and other fields to study the structure of molecules or atoms. CID works by inducing fragmentation of ionized molecules or atoms through collisions with neutral particles. By analyzing the resulting fragments, researchers can gain a better understanding of the chemical structure and physical properties of their sample material. CID is highly useful for determining the identity of unknown compounds, as well as for studying the mechanisms behind reactions such as oxidation and hydrolysis.
CID meaning in Chemistry in Academic & Science
CID mostly used in an acronym Chemistry in Category Academic & Science that means Collision-Induced Dissociation
Shorthand: CID,
Full Form: Collision-Induced Dissociation
For more information of "Collision-Induced Dissociation", see the section below.
Definition
CID stands for Collision-Induced Dissociation which is a technique where large molecules and ions are forced to fragment into smaller components through the use of collision energy. This process occurs when charged particles like protons/electrons collide with bigger molecules or atoms at an intense velocity given to them by electric fields created by ion sources in mass spectrometers. This serves as an efficient tool utilized in various scientific areas such as pharmaceuticals, biology and biochemistry, medical diagnostics, environmental analysis, nanotechnology etc., for characterizing compounds based on molecular weight determination and accurate mass measurements.
Working Principle
When CID is conducted in a mass spectrometer, gas phase ions which have been introduced from an ion source are accelerated electrically using electric potentials generated by voltage plates along with focusing lenses to enhance the collision energy across its trajectory path until it reaches detector before entering vacuum chamber. The impact with vacuum pressure in that chamber produces a chain reaction which helps initiate fragmentation between various neutral particles present inside which leads to decrease in molecule’s total energy while making it unavailable for further chemical reactions due its high kinetic energy . As result of these collisions, larger precursor molecules turn into smaller pieces along with free radicals & joule heating occurs before reaching detector thereby providing information about molecular weight (MW), molecular composition and accurate masses related to sample material reached within instrument.
Uses
The main purpose of using CID is determine accurate predictions about exact molecule weight (MW) , composition , configuration amongst other physical & chemical properties related to that compound so that one can get insight on how it behaves under different conditions without any bias . It also used widely identify compounds unknown nature & analyze relations between concentration levels & presence medicinal/toxic substances during medical diagnosis procedures especially biomarkers detection . Additionally it can quantify degree degradation which occurred during drug metabolism process prior being absorbed after taking orally followed by urine/serum analysis afterward . Likewise they are also employed in environmental research studies to study effects air pollution emissions have our environment too.
Essential Questions and Answers on Collision-Induced Dissociation in "SCIENCE»CHEMISTRY"
What is Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID)?
Collision-Induced Dissociation (CID) is a type of mass spectrometry, which involves the fragmentation of ions by collision with other particles. CID is used to analyze compounds and identify their functional groups, as well as to determine their structure.
How does collision-induced dissociation work?
In CID, a beam of gas-phase ions in an electric field are passed through a heated inert gas, such as argon or nitrogen. The heated inert gas causes collisions between the energetic ions and the molecules present in the gas leading to fragmentation. The fragments produced are then analyzed using a mass spectrometer to determine the masses and relative abundance of each fragment.
Is collision-induced dissociation specific for certain compounds?
Yes, CID works best on small molecules that are fully protonated or deprotonated with labile protons (protons that can be easily lost during fragmentation). This means that it can be difficult to use CID to study large biomolecules such as proteins unless they have been reduced in size.
Are there any limitations when using CID?
One major limitation of CID is that the range of compounds that can be studied is limited due to the fact that not all functional groups can survive collision-induced fragmentation. Additionally, due to its high energy requirements, CID cannot be used directly on samples without further preparation (such as pre-dissolving the sample).
How much energy do I need when using CID?
Generally speaking, you will need an energy level of at least 2–3 eV per atomic mass unit for effective collisions in order to achieve good fragmentation efficiency. To achieve this, most experiments require higher voltages than those needed for single stages of ionization.
What types of instruments typically use collision-induced dissociation?
Systems that use CID include quadrupole instruments such as Quadrupole Ion Traps and Quadrupole Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometers; triple quadrupoles such as Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers; Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance systems; Orbitrap FTMS systems; ESI/APCI sources; and MALDI matrices.
What data can I obtain from a CID analysis?
By studying the resulting fragments from a CID analysis, it is possible to obtain information about the identity, composition, structure, and bioactivity of many different types of molecules including organic compounds, proteins and peptides. Additionally, it can provide insight into ion energetics and reaction pathways.
How precise are collision induced dissociations?
:CIDS has high precision since it uses accurate mass measurements which allows for greater accuracy when determining exact masses for fragment ions compared to other techniques such as LC/MS and MS/MS.
What are some advantages associated with using CIDs?
:The main advantage associated with using CIDs is its sensitivity since very small amounts of analyte can be detected via this technique. Additionally, it provides direct information regarding molecular weight since fragments tend to correlate with molecular weight range.
What role do temperature play in obtaining optimal results from a collison induced dissociation experiment?
:It has been found that temperature plays an important role in obtaining optimal results during a collision induced dissociation experiment since different temperatures allow for different types and extents of fragmentation patterns.
Final Words:
In conclusion CID is instrumental technique used across many branches science specifically helping obtain more accurate results about samples undergoing its procedure while increasing resolution beyond limits traditional spectroscopy methods . Its application range broad allowing us understand various aspects ranging from studying biological processes like enzyme activities & drug metabolism divulging mystery air pollution emissions cause environment all way up investigation protein folding related diseases like Alzheimer amyloid beta peptide structures mutations tends activates formation neurofibrillary tangles causing neurodegenerative disorder.
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