What does DDN mean in UNCLASSIFIED
Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase (DDN) is an enzyme involved in the metabolic activation of certain drugs and environmental toxins. It plays a crucial role in the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against antibiotics. Understanding the function and regulation of DDN is essential for developing effective antimicrobial therapies.
DDN meaning in Unclassified in Miscellaneous
DDN mostly used in an acronym Unclassified in Category Miscellaneous that means Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase
Shorthand: DDN,
Full Form: Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase
For more information of "Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase", see the section below.
What is DDN?
DDN is a flavoenzyme that contains a non-covalently bound deazaflavin as its cofactor. Deazaflavin is a modified form of riboflavin (vitamin B2) that lacks a nitrogen atom at position 3. DDN catalyzes the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds, leading to their activation and subsequent toxicity.
Mechanism of Action
DDN utilizes NADPH as a reducing agent to transfer electrons to the deazaflavin cofactor. The reduced deazaflavin then interacts with the nitroaromatic substrate, causing a one-electron transfer that leads to the formation of a nitroso intermediate. The nitroso intermediate undergoes further reduction to form the corresponding amine, completing the activation process.
Role in Antimicrobial Resistance
DDN is responsible for the resistance of some bacteria to nitroimidazole antibiotics, such as metronidazole and tinidazole. These antibiotics rely on DDN for their activation, and mutations that impair DDN function can lead to resistance. Understanding the molecular basis of DDN-mediated resistance is crucial for designing new and effective antimicrobial agents.
Essential Questions and Answers on Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase in "MISCELLANEOUS»UNFILED"
What is Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase (DDN)?
DDN is an enzyme that belongs to the nitroreductase family. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NAD(P)H to various nitroaromatic compounds, resulting in their reduction to the corresponding aminoaromatic compounds.
What is the role of DDN in bacteria?
In bacteria, DDN is involved in the detoxification of nitroaromatic compounds, which are often toxic and can cause DNA damage. DDN reduces these compounds to less toxic aminoaromatic compounds, allowing the bacteria to survive in the presence of these harmful substances.
How does DDN differ from other nitroreductases?
DDN is unique in that it utilizes deazaflavin as its cofactor, instead of the more common flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactors used by other nitroreductases. Deazaflavin is a modified form of flavin that lacks the nitrogen atom at position 10.
What are the applications of DDN?
DDN has potential applications in the bioremediation of nitroaromatic compounds, which are common pollutants in the environment. It can also be used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Additionally, DDN is being investigated as a potential target for the development of new antibiotics.
What is the future of research on DDN?
Ongoing research focuses on understanding the structure-function relationship of DDN, its enzymatic mechanisms, and its potential applications in biotechnology and medicine. Additionally, researchers are exploring the development of DDN inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections.
Final Words: Deazaflavin Dependent Nitroreductase (DDN) is a key enzyme in drug metabolism and antimicrobial resistance. Its unique deazaflavin cofactor enables it to activate nitroaromatic compounds, leading to their toxicity. Understanding the structure, function, and regulation of DDN is essential for developing novel antimicrobial therapies and combating antibiotic resistance.
DDN also stands for: |
|
| All stands for DDN |