What does CAR mean in UNCLASSIFIED
CAR stands for Chimeric Antigen Receptor. It is a genetically engineered immune cell receptor that combines the antigen-binding specificity of an antibody with the signaling domains of a T cell receptor. CARs are designed to redirect T cells to target and destroy specific cancer cells.
CAR meaning in Unclassified in Miscellaneous
CAR mostly used in an acronym Unclassified in Category Miscellaneous that means Chimeric Antigen Receptor
Shorthand: CAR,
Full Form: Chimeric Antigen Receptor
For more information of "Chimeric Antigen Receptor", see the section below.
Mechanism of Action
CARs are composed of three main components:
- Antigen-binding domain: Derived from an antibody, it binds to a specific antigen expressed on the surface of cancer cells.
- Hinge region: Provides flexibility and orientation for the antigen-binding domain.
- Signaling domains: Derived from T cell receptors, these domains activate T cells upon antigen binding, triggering their cytotoxic and proliferative responses.
Applications
CARs have shown promising results in treating various types of cancer, including:
- Leukemia: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
- Lymphoma: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Multiple myeloma: Multiple myeloma (MM)
- Solid tumors: Melanoma, neuroblastoma, and others
Advantages
- Specificity: CARs can target and destroy specific cancer cells while sparing healthy cells.
- Durability: CAR-modified T cells can persist in the body for extended periods, providing long-term immunity.
- Remodeling the tumor microenvironment: CARs can stimulate the immune system to remodel the tumor microenvironment, making it more conducive to antitumor responses.
Challenges
- Toxicity: CAR therapy can cause severe side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS).
- Antigen escape: Cancer cells can evolve and lose the expression of the target antigen, rendering CAR therapy ineffective.
- Cost: CAR therapy is an expensive treatment option.
Essential Questions and Answers on Chimeric Antigen Receptor in "MISCELLANEOUS»UNFILED"
What is CAR T-cell therapy?
CAR T-cell therapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses genetically modified T cells to target and destroy cancer cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the body's immune system. In CAR T-cell therapy, T cells are modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is a synthetic receptor that recognizes a specific antigen on the surface of cancer cells. Once the CAR T cells are infused into the patient, they can recognize and bind to the cancer cells and then kill them.
What types of cancer can CAR T-cell therapy be used to treat?
CAR T-cell therapy has been approved by the FDA to treat certain types of blood cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). CAR T-cell therapy is also being studied for use in treating other types of cancer, such as solid tumors.
What are the potential side effects of CAR T-cell therapy?
The most common side effects of CAR T-cell therapy include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). CRS is a systemic inflammatory response that can cause fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. ICANS is a neurological syndrome that can cause headaches, confusion, seizures, and coma. Other potential side effects of CAR T-cell therapy include low blood counts, infections, and organ damage.
How successful is CAR T-cell therapy?
CAR T-cell therapy has been shown to be very effective in treating certain types of cancer. In clinical trials, CAR T-cell therapy has led to high rates of remission in patients with ALL, DLBCL, and MCL. However, CAR T-cell therapy is not effective for all patients, and it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of the treatment with your doctor before making a decision.
Final Words: CAR therapy is a promising approach for treating cancer by harnessing the power of the immune system. While challenges remain, ongoing research aims to improve the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of this innovative therapy.
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