What does BPSD mean in PSYCHOLOGY

Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) refers to behavioral changes that are associated with dementia, such as depression, mood swings, aggression, restlessness, delusions or paranoia. These symptoms tend to worsen over time and can affect a person’s ability to carry out activities of daily living.

BPSD can have multiple causes, including changes in a person’s environment or their physical health. It can also be caused by underlying medical conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.

Signs of BPSD may include depression, agitation, denial/inability to accept reality, disinterest in previously enjoyed activities, restlessness, increased anger or aggression and decrease in motivation.

A diagnosis for BPSD is typically done through clinical interviews and assessments with the patient as well as input from family members or caregivers who may be able to provide observations about the patient's behavior at home. In some cases data from physical exams such as brain scans may also be useful for diagnosis.

There are a variety of treatment options available for treating BPSD depending on the underlying cause. Non-pharmaceutical interventions may include environmental modifications or stimulating activities; whereas pharmaceutical options such as anti-psychotic medications can also help reduce symptoms.

While there is no ‘cure’ for dementia or BPSD; there are several lifestyle modifications you can make that could potentially slow cognitive decline and/or help prevent the onset of certain behaviors associated with dementia such as staying physically active and eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants. Cognitive stimulation activities may also help improve functioning skills related to everyday tasks like problem solving and memory recall.

Over time individuals suffering from BPSD may have difficulty carrying out tasks they used to do easily which could lead to further complications down the line if not managed properly. Long term care specifically tailored to meet their needs may become necessary if they continue deteriorating (e.g., need for placement in nursing home).

If you suspect someone close to you has begun exhibiting signs consistent with those associated with dementia it's important you speak with your primary care physician right away so further evaluation can take place in order determine what course of action is best suited for them.

Yes! Online counseling services offer individuals an opportunity to seek mental health support from home especially during this pandemic period where most people have limited access to physical therapy options due to lockdowns and social distancing restrictions.